The Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell for an Adsorbent Using Iron Chloride
Abstract
Coconut shell obtained from Chorbe in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria was carbonized and char formed at a temperature of 655ºC. The char was ground and sieved into different sizes of 7, 14, 25 and -25mm. These sizes were activated using iron chloride solution and then treated with hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and ammonia solution and dried in a furnace to a temperature of 750ºC to increase the pores in each of the sizes. The bulk densities of 7, 14, 25 and -25mm particle sizes were calculated and found to be 0.399, 0.587, 0.619 and 0.383g/cm3 in that order. While the corresponding values for the pore volume and porosity were obtained to be 248.07, 212.45, 204.80 and 247.73cm3 and 77.8, 74.9, 72.22 and 77.0% respectively. The percentage yield was also found to be 97.04, 65.80, 62.50 and 100.0% corresponding with particle sizes of 7, 14, 25 and -25mm. When proximate analysis was conducted on the four different particles sizes, the results of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon were obtained to correspond with 14.84%, 22.4%, 34.25%, 15.8%: 22.14%, 22.4%, 29.4%, 57.72%: 0.8%, 1.4%, 1.3%, 7.8% and 62.21% 53.8%, 35.50%, 18.7% respectively. The overall result shows that the activated carbon with the four different particle sizes are good but best with 7 and -25mm particles sizes for water treatment, purification of gases, chemicals and other gaseous and liquid substances.